What Costs Not Educating Girls ?

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According to World Bank's World Development Indicators, 2016, nine in ten girls (89.3 per cent) are able to complete their primary education, but only three in four (77.1 per cent) complete their lower secondary education worldwide. In low income countries, the situation is much worse.Less than two thirds of girls (65.0 per cent) complete their primary education, and only one in three (34.4 per cent) completes lower secondary school.The fourth Sustainable Development Goal is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.The first target under this goal is to ensure that by 2030 all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes. At current rates of progress, many countries are - including Indian -unlikely to achieve this target.More needs to be done to improve educational attainment and learning for all children, boys and girls alike.Low educational attainment for girls has negative consequences not only for them , but also for their children and household, as well as for their community and society.
            The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act ,2002 inserted Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the state may, by law, determine.The Right of Children to free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which represents the consequential legislation envisaged under article 21-A, means that every Child has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards.
           Article 21-A of Indian Constitution and the RTE Act came into effect on 1 April, 2010.The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words 'free and compulsory'. 'Free education' means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of free or charge or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. 'Compulsory education' casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age groups. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provision of the RTE Act.
         Despite these constitution and legal provision and implementation of scores of programmes/schemes-Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Mid- Day Meal Scheme , Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme (all Central Sector Scheme ) as well as some two dozen schemes of empowerment of girls by various state governments, lakhs of girls in india are out of school, both at upper primary school and higher secondary school level. As per the data of Educational Statistics at a Glance, 2018, Gross Enrolment Ratio for girls at Secondary level is 81.0 per cent and 56.4 percent at senior secondary level in the year 2014-15.It shows that 19.0 per cent girls are out of the school in the age cohort eligible for secondary level schooling while 43.6 per cent girls are out of school in the age cohort eligible for senior secondary level schooling.This data give a rough picture of girls' education in India only in terms of their enrollment in school; the real data, regarding the learning outcome, gives a very dismal picture. 

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